C++程序内存泄露检测工具

2014-10-30  徐丹 

  功能
   用于检測c++程序的内存泄露。
   原理: 
   事实上非常easy,就是通过函数的重载机制,捕获应用程序的new, new[] , delete , delete[], malloc,calloc,free等内存操作函数。 
   特点: 
   因为在检測的过程中,须要记录用户程序内存分配信息,所以工具本身必须进行内存动态分配。为了提高内存分配效率,程序实现了两个链表。 
   1、空暇链表,事实上就是一个简单的内存池 
//定义一个结构,保存内存分配信息
typedef struct _tagMemoryInfo
{
??? void* addr;????????? //保存分配的内存地址 
??? size_t size;???????? //内存大小 
??? _UL lineNum;????? //调用内存分配函数的行号 
??? char fileName[MAX_FILE_LEN];? //文件名 
}MemoryInfo;

//内存分配信息的链表结构,这里之所以定义为union类型,是为了省去next成员的开销
union FreeList
{
??? FreeList* next; 
??? MemoryInfo data; 
};
   2、当前正在保存内存信息的链表 
typedef struct _tagBusyList
{
??? _tagBusyList* next; 
??? MemoryInfo* data; 
}BusyList;
   不足: 
   1、仅仅是在vc2005上測试通过,没有在其它平台上測试过 
   2、不支持多线程(兴许有可能支持) 
   3、保存当前内存分配信息的链表,存在next字段的内存开销。 
   源码: 
   1、头文件 
#ifdef DETECT_MEMORY_LEAK
#ifndef _DETECT_MEMORY_LEAK_H_
#define _DETECT_MEMORY_LEAK_H_
typedef unsigned long _UL;
void* __cdecl operator new(unsigned int size , _UL lineNum , const char* file);
void* __cdecl operator new[](unsigned int size , _UL lineNum , const char* file);
void __cdecl operator delete(void *p);
void __cdecl operator delete [] (void *p);
void __cdecl operator delete(void *p ,? _UL lineNum , const char* file);
void __cdecl operator delete [] (void *p ,? _UL lineNum , const char* file);
void* __cdecl _DebugMalloc(size_t size , _UL lineNum , const char* file);
void* __cdecl _DebugCalloc(size_t num , size_t size , _UL lineNum , const char* file);
void? __cdecl _DebugFree(void* addr);
#ifndef DETECT_MEMORY_LEAK_IMPL
#define new DEBUG_NEW
#define DEBUG_NEW new(__LINE__ , __FILE__)
#define malloc DEBUG_MALLOC
#define DEBUG_MALLOC(x) _DebugMalloc(x , __LINE__ , __FILE__)
#define calloc DEBUG_CALLOC
#define DEBUG_CALLOC(x) _DebugCalloc(x , __LINE__ , __FILE__)
#define free DEBUG_FREE
#define DEBUG_FREE(x) _DebugFree(x)
#endif
void DumpLeakedMemoryInfo();
#endif//_DETECT_MEMORY_LEAK_H_
#endif//DETECT_MEMORY_LEAK

  2、源文件
#define MAX_FILE_LEN 128
//须要实现的功能
//1 将分配的内存信息写入文件
//2 将释放的内存信息写入文件
//3 将分配的内存信息都保存到内存中,提供一个接口将当前的内存泄露情况报告出去。
//定义一个结构,保存内存分配信息
typedef struct _tagMemoryInfo
{
??? void* addr;????????? //保存分配的内存地址
??? size_t size;???????? //内存大小
??? _UL lineNum;????? //调用内存分配函数的行号
??? char fileName[MAX_FILE_LEN];? //文件名
}MemoryInfo;
//内存分配信息的链表结构,这里之所以定义为union类型,是为了省去next成员的开销
union FreeList
{
??? FreeList* next;
??? MemoryInfo data;
};
typedef struct _tagBusyList
{
??? _tagBusyList* next;
??? MemoryInfo* data;
}BusyList;
//空暇链表的初始长度
#define FREE_LIST_INIT_LEN 16
//空暇链表的头指针
static FreeList* g_freeList = NULL;
//正在使用链表的头指针
static BusyList* g_busyList = NULL;
//内部使用函数的声明
static void _CreateFreeList(int initLen);
static void _ReleaseFreeList();
static void* _GetFreeNode();
static void* _GetBusyNode();
static void _FreeNode(void* p);
static void _WriteMemoryInfo(const MemoryInfo* pInfo , bool bAlloc);
static void _StoreMemoryAllocInfo(void* addr , size_t size , _UL lineNum , const char* file);
static void _StoreMemoryDeallocInfo(void* addr);
void* __cdecl operator new(unsigned int size , _UL lineNum , const char* file)
{
??? void* p = ::operator new(size);
??? _StoreMemoryAllocInfo(p , size , lineNum , file);
??? return p;
??? //return 0;
}
void __cdecl operator delete(void* p)
{
? _StoreMemoryDeallocInfo(p);
}
void __cdecl operator delete(void *p,? _UL lineNum , const char* file)
{
??? lineNum;
? file;
??? _StoreMemoryDeallocInfo(p);
}
void* __cdecl operator new[](unsigned int size , _UL lineNum , const char* file)
{
??? void* p = ::operator new(size);
??? 
??? _StoreMemoryAllocInfo(p , size , lineNum , file);
??? 
??? return p;???
}
void __cdecl operator delete [] (void *p)
{
??? _StoreMemoryDeallocInfo(p);
}
void __cdecl operator delete [] (void *p ,? _UL lineNum , const char* file)
{
? lineNum;
? file;
? _StoreMemoryDeallocInfo(p);
}
void* __cdecl _DebugMalloc(size_t size , _UL lineNum , const char* file)
{
??? void* p = malloc(size);
? _StoreMemoryAllocInfo(p , size , lineNum , file);
? return p;
}
void* __cdecl _DebugCalloc(size_t num , size_t size , _UL lineNum , const char* file)
{
? void* p = calloc(num , size);
? _StoreMemoryAllocInfo(p , num * size , lineNum , file);
? return p;
}
void? __cdecl _DebugFree(void* addr)
{?
? _StoreMemoryDeallocInfo(addr);?
}
//创建一个空暇节点链表,生成一个内存池,用以记录内存分配信息。
//这样当频繁分配内存的时候,不会由于检測工具本身的性能,影响应用程序的性能
void _CreateFreeList(int initLen)
{
??? FreeList* p = (FreeList*)malloc(sizeof(FreeList) * initLen);
??? g_freeList = p;
??? for (int idx = 1; idx < initLen; ++idx)
??? {
??????? p->next = p + idx;
??????? p++;
??? }
??? p->next = NULL;
}
void* _GetFreeNode()
{
??? if ( g_freeList == NULL)
??? {
??????? _CreateFreeList(FREE_LIST_INIT_LEN);
??????? if ( NULL == g_freeList )
??????? {
??????????? return NULL;
??????? }
??? }
??? 
??? FreeList* p = g_freeList;???
??? g_freeList = g_freeList->next;
??? return (void*)p;
}

void* _GetBusyNode(void* addr)
{
? if ( g_busyList == NULL)
? {
?? return NULL;
? }
? if ( NULL == g_busyList->next)
? {
?? MemoryInfo* retNode = NULL;
?? if (g_busyList->data->addr == addr)
?? {
??? retNode = g_busyList->data;
??????????? delete g_busyList;
??? g_busyList = NULL;???????????
?? }

?? return (void*)retNode;
? }
? BusyList* pre , *curr;
? pre = curr = g_busyList;
? while(curr)
? {
?? if (curr->data->addr == addr)
?? {
??? BusyList* tmp = curr;
??? MemoryInfo* retNode = curr->data;
??? pre->next = curr->next;
??? free((void*)tmp);
??? return (void*)retNode;
?? }
?? pre = curr;
?? curr = curr->next;
? }
??? return NULL;
}
void _FreeNode(void* p)
{
??? if ( NULL == p)
??? {
??????? return;
??? }
??? FreeList* tmpNode = (FreeList*)p;
??? tmpNode->next = g_freeList;
??? g_freeList = tmpNode;
}
//保存内存分配信息
void _StoreMemoryAllocInfo(void* addr , size_t size , _UL lineNum , const char* file)
{
??? MemoryInfo* node = (MemoryInfo*)_GetFreeNode();
??? if ( NULL == node )
??? {
??????? return;
??? }
??? node->addr =addr;
??? node->size = size;
??? node->lineNum = lineNum;
?? 
??? size_t len = strlen(file);
??? len = len >= MAX_FILE_LEN ? MAX_FILE_LEN - 1 : len;
??? strncpy(node->fileName , file , len);
? node->fileName[len] = '/0';
??? //增加链表
??? BusyList* busyNode = (BusyList*)malloc(sizeof(BusyList));
??? busyNode->data = node;
??? if ( g_busyList == NULL )
??? {
??????? g_busyList = busyNode;
??????? busyNode->next = NULL;
??? }
??? else
??? {
??????? busyNode->next = g_busyList;
??????? g_busyList = busyNode;
??? }
??? //写入文件
??? _WriteMemoryInfo(node , true);
}
//保存内存分配信息
void _StoreMemoryDeallocInfo(void* addr)
{
? MemoryInfo* node = (MemoryInfo*)_GetBusyNode(addr);
? if ( NULL == node )
? {
?? return;
? }
? //写入文件
? _WriteMemoryInfo(node , false);
??? _FreeNode((void*)node);?
}
//写日志函数
void _WriteMemoryInfo(const MemoryInfo* pInfo , bool bAlloc)
{
??? if (pInfo != NULL)
??? {
??????? FILE *fp = fopen("debugmemorylog.txt","a+");
??????? if (!fp)
??????????? return;
??????? fprintf(fp,"%p:/t%s/t%d line %s %d bytes/n",pInfo->addr, pInfo->fileName, pInfo->lineNum /
??????????? , (bAlloc ? "allocated" : "freed") , pInfo->size);
??????? fflush(fp);
??????? fclose(fp);
??? }
}
//将泄露的内存信息写到磁盘
void DumpLeakedMemoryInfo()
{
? FILE *fp = fopen("memoryleak.txt","a+");
? if (!fp)
?? return;

? BusyList* p = g_busyList;
? while (p)
? {
?? BusyList* tmp = p;
?? MemoryInfo* pInfo = tmp->data;
?? if (pInfo != NULL)
?? {???
??? fprintf(fp,"%p:/t%s/t%d line leak %d bytes/n",pInfo->addr, pInfo->fileName, pInfo->lineNum , pInfo->size);???
?? }
?? _FreeNode((void*)pInfo);
?????? delete tmp;
??? tmp = NULL;
??? p = p->next;
? }
? fflush(fp);
? fclose(fp);
? //释放内存池资源给操作系统
??? _ReleaseFreeList();
}
void _ReleaseFreeList()
{
??? while(g_freeList)
? {
?? FreeList* tmp = g_freeList->next;
?? delete g_freeList;
?? g_freeList = tmp;??
? }
}
#endif//DETECT_MEMORY_LEAK

本文选自:http://www.spasvo.com/news/html/20141030112355.html

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