http://www.phpunittest.com/?p=25
PHPUnit是PHP的单元测试框架。单元测试在软件开发中越来越受到重视,测试先行编程、极限编程和测试驱动开发在实践中被广泛。利用单元测试,也可以实现契约式设计。
接下来,我们通过一个例子说明如何利用PHPUnit来实践测试驱动开发。
假设我们需要编写一个银行账户的功能:BankAccount。该功能用于设置银行账户收支,存取现金,必须确保:
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银行账户初始化时余额为0。
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余额不能为负数。
在编写代码之前,我们先为BankAccout类编写测试:
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require_once 'BankAccount.php';class BankAccountTest extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase{ protected $ba; protected function setUp()
{ $this->ba = new BankAccount;
} public function testBalanceIsInitiallyZero()
{ $this->assertEquals(0, $this->ba->getBalance());
} public function testBalanceCannotBecomeNegative()
{ try { $this->ba->withdrawMoney(1);
} catch (BankAccountException $e) { $this->assertEquals(0, $this->ba->getBalance()); return;
} $this->fail();
} public function testBalanceCannotBecomeNegative2()
{ try { $this->ba->depositMoney(-1);
} catch (BankAccountException $e) { $this->assertEquals(0, $this->ba->getBalance()); return;
} $this->fail();
}
}
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现在我们编写为了让第一个测试testBalanceIsInitiallyZero()通过所需要的代码:
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class BankAccount{ protected $balance = 0; public function getBalance()
{ return $this->balance;
}
}
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现在第一个测试可以通过了,第二个还不行:
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phpunit BankAccountTest
PHPUnit 3.7.0 by Sebastian Bergmann.
.
Fatal error: Call to undefined method BankAccount::withdrawMoney()
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为了让第二个测试通过,我们需要实现withdrawMoney()、depositMoney()和setBalance()方法。这些方法在违反约束条件时,会抛出一个BankAccountException。
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class BankAccount{ protected $balance = 0; public function getBalance()
{ return $this->balance;
} protected function setBalance($balance)
{ if ($balance >= 0) { $this->balance = $balance;
} else { throw new BankAccountException;
}
} public function depositMoney($balance)
{ $this->setBalance($this->getBalance() + $balance); return $this->getBalance();
} public function withdrawMoney($balance)
{ $this->setBalance($this->getBalance() - $balance); return $this->getBalance();
}
}
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现在第二个测试也能通过啦~
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phpunit BankAccountTest
PHPUnit 3.7.0 by Sebastian Bergmann.
...Time: 0 seconds
OK (3 tests, 3 assertions)
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你也可以使用契约式设计的风格,只需使用PHPUnit_Framework_Assert类提供的静态断言方法编写契约条件。下面例子中,如果断言不成立,就会抛出一个PHPUnit_Framework_AssertionFailedError。这种方式可以增加你的代码的可读性。但是这也意味着你需要PHPUnit会成为你的运行时依赖。
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class BankAccount{ private $balance = 0; public function getBalance()
{ return $this->balance;
} protected function setBalance($balance)
{
PHPUnit_Framework_Assert::assertTrue($balance >= 0); $this->balance = $balance;
} public function depositMoney($amount)
{
PHPUnit_Framework_Assert::assertTrue($amount >= 0); $this->setBalance($this->getBalance() + $amount); return $this->getBalance();
} public function withdrawMoney($amount)
{
PHPUnit_Framework_Assert::assertTrue($amount >= 0);
PHPUnit_Framework_Assert::assertTrue($this->balance >= $amount); $this->setBalance($this->getBalance() - $amount); return $this->getBalance();
}
}
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